Facilities built in areas affected by earthquake activity, such as tunnels, which have always been an integral part of human life, must withstand both dynamic and static loading. It has led to the need for practical studies on the effects of earthquakes on underground structures and the factors affecting their destruction. For this purpose, in this research, at first different patterns of tunnel’s excavation were investigated and by using Plaxis 2D software and based on Tabas earthquake in Iran, sensitivity ANALYSIS on geotechnical PARAMETERS of the soil surrounding tunnel such as cohesion, friction angle, unit weight and modulus of elasticity was carried out, and the PARAMETERS whose changes have the greatest and least effects on the bending moment changes on the tunnel lining are introduced. The results show that tunnel excavation patterns significantly affect the bending moment, axial forces, displacements, and surface settlement of the tunnel. Often, by dividing tunnel excavation area to small parts, the values of bending moment, axial forces, displacements, and surface settlement of the tunnel decreases in static ANALYSIS. Also, outputs of sensitivity ANALYSIS on geotechnical PARAMETERS of the soil surrounding tunnel showed that modulus of elasticity of the soil surrounding tunnel has the most effect and cohesion changes have the least effect on bending moment induced on tunnel lining..

Introduction: Varicocele represents the most common surgically corrigible disorder in infertile men. This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of varicocelectomy on heptad SEMEN PARAMETERS in patients with abnormal SEMEN PARAMETERS. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on infertile patients having abnormal SEMEN ANALYSIS according to WHO PARAMETERS, with a grade II or III varicocele diagnosed by an urologist. They were admitted to infertility clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Sari, Iran, 2004. These patients were undergone inguinal varicocelectomy by an urologist. They were followed up for varicocele, post-surgical complications, and SEMEN ANALYSIS for 3 months. Results: 67 patients participated in this study with the mean age of 33.6 ±7.3 years, all between 20 and 50 years old. The patients infertility period had lasted 2 to 20 years, with a mean of 6.5± 4.02 years. Fifty eight percent of the patients had a grade II varicocele, while 42% had a grade III varicocele. In this study, total sperm count (p<0.0001), sperm motility (p<0.025), and sperm morphology (p<0.002) changed significantly after varicocelectomy. However, no significant relationship was found between heptad SEMEN ANALYSIS PARAMETERS and varicocele grade. Conclusion: Varicocelectomy could improve SEMEN ANALYSIS PARAMETERS and is also the potential treatment of mens infertility.

Background and Purpose: There is evidence in literature that IVI is the first line treatment and the most cost-effective procedure for mild to moderate male factor sub-fertility, however, the relative influence of various SEMEN characteristics with the likelihood of a successful outcome is controversial.This study is designed to show the correlation between SEMEN PARAMETERS and the pregnancy rate in patients, with mild to moderate male factor sub-fertility and whose wives were normal and underwent hyper-stimulation, including IUI.Materials and Methods: From January 2005 to January of 2006, 95 couples with male factor infertility underwent 140 IVI cycles with husbands washed SEMEN were included in this study .They were divided into two groups based on SEMEN PARAMETERS, mild and moderate. Post- wash sperm PARAMETERS, type of infertility (primary and secondary), male / female age and duration of infertility were evaluated and correlated with clinical pregnancy outcome.Results: The clinical pregnancy rate per cycle was 26 (18.5%); 15 (21.4%) in mild group, while 11 (15.7%) in moderate group. The clinical pregnancy rate per couple was 27.3%.There were significant correlation between female age, duration of infertility, sperm concentration and progressive motility, and clinical pregnancy.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that post- wash sperm concentration and progressive motility, female age and duration of infertility are the most important factors for prediction of successful pregnancy.

Introduction: Oxidative stress is known as a cause of male infertility. Antioxidants are considered as effective agents against oxidative stress. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between dietary antioxidants intake and SEMEN ANALYSIS PARAMETERS.Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was performed on 190 men referring to the Fertility and Infertility Center of Shahid Beheshti in Isfahan, Iran, during 2016-2017. The dietary intakes of antioxidants were obtained by Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and Nutritionist IV software.After analyzing the SEMEN PARAMETERS, data ANALYSIS was performed using Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation in SPSS software (version 16). P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The mean antioxidant intakes in men regarding vitamins A, E, and C were obtained as 2081.81±1459.47 mg, 5.52±3.55 mg, and 251.63±160.58 mg, respectively. The results showed that the mean amount of received antioxidants (i.e., vitamins A, E, and C) had no significant relationship with sperm ANALYSIS PARAMETERS, including sperm volume, number, mobility, and morphology, as well as white blood cell count in SEMEN (P>0.05).Conclusion: As the findings indicated, the dietary intake of antioxidants, including vitamins A, E, and C, was not significantly correlated with sperm ANALYSIS PARAMETERS (i.e., sperm volume, count, motility, and morphology, as well as the number of white blood cells in SEMEN).

Objective: To evaluate the impact of bacteriospermia on SEMEN PARAMETERS. Materials and methods: We used the Medline (1966-2017), Scopus (2004-2017), Clinicaltrials. gov (2008-2017), EMBASE, (1980-2017), LILACS (1985-2017) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CENTRAL (1999-2017) databases in our primary search along with the reference lists of electronically retrieved full-text papers. Meta-ANALYSIS was performed with the RevMan 5. 3 software. Results: Eighteen studies were finally included. Men were stratified in two groups, healthy controls (5, 797 men) and those suffering from bacteriospermia (3, 986 men). Total sperm volume was not affected by the presence of bacteriospermia when all pathogens were analyzed together (MD 0. 02 95%CI-0. 13, 0. 17). Both sperm concentration (MD-27. 06, 95% CI-36. 03,-18. 08) and total sperm count (MD-15. 12, 95% CI-21. 08,-9. 16) were significantly affected by bacteriospermia. Decreased rates of normal sperm morphology were also found (MD-5. 43%, 95% CI-6. 42,-4. 44). The percentage of alive sperm was significantly affected by bacteriospermia (MD-4. 39 %, 95% CI-8. 25,-0. 53). Total motility was also affected by bacteriospermia (MD-3. 64, 95% CI-6. 45,-0. 84). In addition to this, progressive motility was significantly affected (MD-12. 81, 95% CI-18. 09,-7. 53). Last but not least, pH was importantly affected (MD 0. 03, 95% Cl 0. 01, 0. 04). Conclusion: Bacteriospermia significantly affects SEMEN PARAMETERS and should be taken in mind even when asymptomatic. Further studies should evaluate the impact of antibiotic treatment on SEMEN PARAMETERS and provide evidence on fertility outcome.

Introduction: The precise mechanism for anti sperm antibody (ASA) mediated fertility impairment is unclear. In the male reproductive tract, ASA may have an adverse impact on sperm maturation and function or overall SEMEN quality. In this study, the percentage of ASA-IgA was determined by the direct Mixed Agglutination Reaction (MAR) test in men from infertile couples in Khorramabad city. Furthermore, the SEMEN PARAMETERS were evaluated in order to examine any correlation with the presence of ASA. Materials and Methods: 85 men were tested for ASA as a part of an infertility evaluation. Patients were grouped according to percentage of ASA of <10%. Or ≥10%. SEMEN PARAMETERS (volume less than 2ml, concentration less than 20x106/ml, and motility less than: 50%) were calculated for each group. Statistical ANALYSIS was performed using Fisher's exact test. Results: Results showed that 20% of this population were ASA-positive. Volume less than 2ml was not associated with ASA by direct MAR (P=0.56). Concentration less than 20x106/ml was not associated with ASA by direct MAR. Motility less than 50% was significantly associated with ASA by direct MAR (P=0.005). Conclusion: Antisperm antibodies can disrupt normal sperm function by damaging sperm motility. Therefore, it can be suggest that patients with sperm motility than 50% should become Candidate of ASA assay.